Genetic disorder: Face is long with narrow prominent forehead and chin and large ears. Has intellectual disabilities
Fragile X Syndrome: Affects development, learning, behavior, and emotions.
Criteria to Diagnosis Autism
Onset of symptoms before 3 years. Lack of social interaction. Stereotyped or repetitive movements such as hand flapping. Rituals. Delayed verbal communication.
Child with a tuft of dark hair on the sacrum
Evaluate for spina bifida occulta using an ultrasound of the lower spine
HPV Vaccine
Recommended for males by CDC. Do not use in children under 9. Give first dose at 11 to 12 years. 3 doses are recommended.
Child w/fever, painful sores inside mouth, & small round red rash on both palms/soles
Hand, foot, and mouth disease. Coxsackie virus 16. Transmitted by direct contact. Treat symptoms.
Once fever resolves child develops a maculopapular rash that appears first on trunk and spreads to extremities
Roseola infantum by human herpes virus. Common in 6 months to 2 years.
Tanner: Males
Tanner 1: Prepuberty. Tanner 2: Begin pubic hair and darker testicles. Tanner 3: Penis longer. Tanner 4: Penis wider. Tanner 5: Adult.
Age a child can ride a tricycle? Bicycle?
Tricycle at 3 years and Bicycle at 5 to 6 years of age. Reinforce helmets.
Vitamin recommended in first few days of life (infants)
Breastfed infants should be given vitamin D drops. Formula already has Vitamin D
Weight changes in babies
Doubles at 6 months and triples at 12 months.
3 year old should be able to:
Draw a person with 3 body parts. Climb up stairs. Ride tricycle. Know name, age and gender. Spead in 3-word sentences
Finasteride (Proscar)
5-alpha reductase inhibitor that lowers testosterone with decrease size of prostate.
Flomax (Tamsulosin) & Hytrin (Terazosin)
Alpha blockers that relax smooth muscle of the prostate gland to control obstructive urinary symptoms.
Meclizine (Antivert)
Used for Vertigo: feeling like the room is spinning/moving worsening w/head movement
Antidepressants most like to cause sexual dysfunction
SSRIs such as prozac, paxil, and Zoloft. If sexual dysfuntion is a concern rx Bupropion (Wellbutrin).
Obturator and Psoas Sign
Acute Appendicitis
Grey-Turner Sign
Sign of acute pancreatitis
Osteoporosis risk factors
Risk factors: older age, estrogen deficiency, asian/caucasian descent, small frame, smoking, & excessive alcohol.
Best diagnostic of a palpable midabdominal mass in an older adult
Abdominal ultrasound is the initial test r/t abdominal aortic aneurysm. CT scan is done later.
Test for a patient with symptoms of hypothyroidism
Do a TSH, if elevated check thyroid profile
Stress Incontinence
Caused by laughing, sneezing, or straining.
Rinne and Weber Test
Used for cranial nerve 8 to assess hearing by air conduction and bone conduction.
Otitis Externa
Pseudomonas aeroginosa
Basal Carcinoma
Most common skin cancer. Occurs in sun exposed areas (face, neck, scalp, hands). May bleed easy. Has VISIBLE blood vessels. Some Txs cryotherapy, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Mohs. Wear sunscreen.
Actinic Keratosis
Pre-cancerous lesion, may progress to squamous cell carcinoma.
| Feature | Actinic Keratosis | Basal Cell Carcinoma |
|---|
| Texture | Rough, scaly, crusty | Smooth, often pearly or translucent |
| Color | Pink, red, or skin-colored; sometimes brownish | Pearly white, pink, red, or pigmented (brown/black) |
| Borders | Ill-defined, blending into surrounding skin | Well-defined, raised, sometimes rolled |
| Surface | Rough, sandpaper-like | Smooth, may have telangiectasia (visible vessels) |
| Growth Pattern | Slow, can regress or progress to SCC | Slow but tends to enlarge and ulcerate |
| Symptoms | May be tender to touch, asymptomatic | Often asymptomatic, may bleed easily |
Seborrheic Keratosis:
Has stuck on appearance
Melanoma
Darker pigmentation, asymmetry, irregular borders, rapid change in appearance.
Vitamin Deficiency in Gastrectomies
Vitamin B12
Item #29
Pyloric Stenosis
Herald Signs/Symptoms: Projectile vomiting after feeding. Palpable olive-shaped mass in the right upper abdomen
Intussusception
Herald Signs/Symptoms: “Currant jelly” stools (bloody, mucous-filled stools). Palpable sausage-shaped mass in the abdomen
Hirschsprung Disease
Herald Signs/Symptoms: Failure to pass meconium within the first 48 hours of life. Chronic constipation, abdominal distension. Bilious vomiting
Kawasaki Disease
Herald Signs/Symptoms
- Conjunctivitis (non-purulent)
- Rash (polymorphic, not vesicular)
- Adenopathy (cervical lymphadenopathy)
- Strawberry tongue (oral changes)
- Hand and foot erythema/peeling
- Burn: Prolonged fever (>5 days)
Hand, Food, Mouth Disease
Herald Signs/Symptoms:
- Fever, sore throat
- Painful oral ulcers
- Vesicular rash on hands, feet, and sometimes buttocks